Anxiety and depression are two of the most prominent mental health conditions affecting millions of individuals worldwide. Despite their widespread acknowledgement, their classification as mental disorders has sparked debate among researchers, clinicians, and the general public. Today we will gain some insight into how medical professionals classify anxiety and depression. By examining the evidence behind their classification as mental disorders, we can understand the complexities of these conditions.
One of the most crucial steps to diagnosing anxiety and depression are understanding the different psychological states as they often coexist and share some of the same overlapping symptoms. That is why My Care Labs will be opening our medical office right next door to our lab here in Fremont! Later this year we will not only be offering our Covid-19, wellness, and toxicology testing, but we will also have licensed mental health professionals as well.
“Anxiety is often characterized by excessive worry, fear, and unease, while depression, on the other hand, involves persistent feelings of sadness, loss of interest, and a lack of motivation” ( Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders). Both conditions can significantly disrupt daily functioning, leading to a reduced quality of life and loss of satisfaction. To understand whether anxiety and depression qualify as mental disorders, we need to explore the criteria that are offered by widely recognized psychiatric manuals. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) are the two primary references used by mental health professionals.
The DSM-5, published by the American Psychiatric Association, categorizes anxiety disorders and mood disorders, including depression, as mental disorders. It addresses specific criteria for diagnosing various forms of anxiety and depression disorders, helping professionals identify and properly treat individuals who are experiencing these conditions. Similarly, the ICD-10, maintained by the World Health Organization, classifies anxiety disorders and mood disorders as mental health conditions. It provides a standardized system for coding and classifying various diseases, including mental disorders, on a global scale.
Additionally, research has revealed the biological foundations of anxiety and depression, which further supports their classification as mental disorders. Commonly known neurotransmitters such as serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine play crucial roles in mood regulation. Imbalances in these chemicals have been linked to the development of anxiety and depression. Imaging studies have also shown structural and functional changes in certain brain areas associated with these disorders. Areas such as the prefrontal cortex is just one of the many among the brain areas associated with anxiety and depression. Thus highlighting the complexity of genetics and environment and their influence.
While the biological factors play a significant role, social and environmental factors also contribute to the development of anxiety and depression. Aspects such as traumatic life events, stress, childhood experiences, and societal pressures can all impact an individual’s mental well-being.
Anxiety and depression often coexist and are often diagnosed together in the same individual. This occurrence highlights the relationship of these conditions and the shared effects underlying their development. Additionally, both anxiety and depression may present other signs of further mental health issues, supporting their classification as mental disorders. The recognition of anxiety and depression as mental disorders has paved the way for various effective treatment approaches. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), medication, mindfulness practices, and other evidence-based interventions have been shown to alleviate symptoms and improve individuals’ well-being.
In conclusion, anxiety and depression are indeed classified as mental disorders, as established by authoritative psychiatric manuals and supported by a wealth of scientific evidence. Their biological basis, coexistence, and effective treatment approaches further prove the significance of their characteristics. We encourage our current and future patients to stay tuned for further updates on My Care Medical Center as we will be offering our mental health resources. We strive to always provide the best and most convenient care for our community and our new medical center will allow us to further achieve this goal.
By acknowledging these conditions as mental disorders, we can encourage and create a greater understanding, empathy, and support for individuals grappling with anxiety and depression, ultimately helping them lead healthier and happier lives.
Sources:
- American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.).
- World Health Organization. (1992). International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (10th Revision).
- Kandel, E. R., Schwartz, J. H., & Jessell, T. M. (2013). Principles of Neural Science (5th ed.).
- Duman, R. S., & Aghajanian, G. K. (2012). Synaptic Dysfunction in Depression: Potential Therapeutic Targets. Science, 338(6103), 68–72.
- McLaughlin, K. A., & Nolen-Hoeksema, S. (2011). Rumination as a Transdiagnostic Factor in Depression and Anxiety. Behavior Research and Therapy, 49(3), 186–193.